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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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汞(原子质量单位:200.59(2))的同位素,其中有6个是稳定的,而196Hg为天然放射性同位素,但半衰期只有下界,因此通常和其他6个一起归类为稳定同位素。其中核磁共振较常用到199Hg和201Hg。
图表
符号 | Z(p ) | N(n ) | 同位素质量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰变 方式[2][n 2] |
衰变 产物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量 | |||||||||
171Hg | 80 | 91 | 171.00376(32)# | 80(30) µs [59(+36−16) µs] |
3/2−# | ||||
172Hg | 80 | 92 | 171.99883(22) | 420(240) µs [0.25(+35−9) ms] |
0 | ||||
173Hg | 80 | 93 | 172.99724(22)# | 1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5−2) ms] |
3/2−# | ||||
174Hg | 80 | 94 | 173.992864(21) | 2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18−7) ms] |
0+ | ||||
175Hg | 80 | 95 | 174.99142(11) | 10.8(4) ms | α | 171Pt | 5/2−# | ||
176Hg | 80 | 96 | 175.987355(15) | 20.4(15) ms | α (98.6%) | 172Pt | 0+ | ||
β+ (1.4%) | 176Au | ||||||||
177Hg | 80 | 97 | 176.98628(8) | 127.3(18) ms | α (85%) | 173Pt | 5/2−# | ||
β+ (15%) | 177Au | ||||||||
178Hg | 80 | 98 | 177.982483(14) | 0.269(3) s | α (70%) | 174Pt | 0+ | ||
β+ (30%) | 178Au | ||||||||
179Hg | 80 | 99 | 178.981834(29) | 1.09(4) s | α (53%) | 175Pt | 5/2−# | ||
β+ (47%) | 179Au | ||||||||
β+, p (.15%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
180Hg[n 4] | 80 | 100 | 179.978266(15) | 2.58(1) s | β+ (52%) | 180Au | 0+ | ||
α (48%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
SF | 100Ru, 80Kr | ||||||||
181Hg | 80 | 101 | 180.977819(17) | 3.6(1) s | β+ (64%) | 181Au | 1/2(−) | ||
α (36%) | 177Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (.014%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
β+, α (9×10−6%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
181mHg | 210(40)# keV | 13/2+ | |||||||
182Hg | 80 | 102 | 181.97469(1) | 10.83(6) s | β+ (84.8%) | 182Au | 0+ | ||
α (15.2%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (10−5%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
183Hg | 80 | 103 | 182.974450(9) | 9.4(7) s | β+ (74.5%) | 183Au | 1/2− | ||
α (25.5%) | 179Pt | ||||||||
β+, p (5.6×10−4%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
183m1Hg | 198(14) keV | 13/2+# | |||||||
183m2Hg | 240(40)# keV | 5# s | β+ | 183Au | 13/2+# | ||||
184Hg | 80 | 104 | 183.971713(11) | 30.6(3) s | β+ (98.89%) | 184Au | 0+ | ||
α (1.11%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
185Hg | 80 | 105 | 184.971899(17) | 49.1(10) s | β+ (94%) | 185Au | 1/2− | ||
α (6%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
185mHg | 99.3(5) keV | 21.6(15) s | IT (54%) | 185Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
β+ (46%) | 185Au | ||||||||
α (.03%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
186Hg | 80 | 106 | 185.969362(12) | 1.38(6) min | β+ (99.92%) | 186Au | 0+ | ||
α (.016%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
186mHg | 2217.3(4) keV | 82(5) µs | (8−) | ||||||
187Hg | 80 | 107 | 186.969814(15) | 1.9(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 3/2− | ||
α (1.2×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
187mHg | 59(16) keV | 2.4(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 13/2+ | ||||
α (2.5×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
188Hg | 80 | 108 | 187.967577(12) | 3.25(15) min | β+ | 188Au | 0+ | ||
α (3.7×10−5%) | 184Pt | ||||||||
188mHg | 2724.3(4) keV | 134(15) ns | (12+) | ||||||
189Hg | 80 | 109 | 188.96819(4) | 7.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 3/2− | ||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
189mHg | 80(30) keV | 8.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 13/2+ | ||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
190Hg | 80 | 110 | 189.966322(17) | 20.0(5) min | β+ | 190Au | 0+ | ||
α (5×10−5%) | 186Pt | ||||||||
191Hg | 80 | 111 | 190.967157(24) | 49(10) min | β+ | 191Au | 3/2(−) | ||
191mHg | 128(22) keV | 50.8(15) min | β+ | 191Au | 13/2+ | ||||
192Hg | 80 | 112 | 191.965634(17) | 4.85(20) h | ε | 192Au | 0+ | ||
α (4×10−6%) | 188Pt | ||||||||
193Hg | 80 | 113 | 192.966665(17) | 3.80(15) h | β+ | 193Au | 3/2− | ||
193mHg | 140.76(5) keV | 11.8(2) h | β+ (92.9%) | 193Au | 13/2+ | ||||
IT (7.1%) | 193Hg | ||||||||
194Hg | 80 | 114 | 193.965439(13) | 444(77) y | ε | 194Au | 0+ | ||
195Hg | 80 | 115 | 194.966720(25) | 10.53(3) h | β+ | 195Au | 1/2− | ||
195mHg | 176.07(4) keV | 41.6(8) h | IT (54.2%) | 195Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
β+ (45.8%) | 195Au | ||||||||
196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195.965833(3) | 观测上稳定[n 5] | 0+ | 0.0015(1) | |||
197Hg | 80 | 117 | 196.967213(3) | 64.14(5) h | ε | 197Au | 1/2− | ||
197mHg | 298.93(8) keV | 23.8(1) h | IT (91.4%) | 197Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
ε (8.6%) | 197Au | ||||||||
198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197.9667690(4) | 观测上稳定[n 6] | 0+ | 0.0997(20) | |||
199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198.9682799(4) | 观测上稳定[n 7] | 1/2− | 0.1687(22) | |||
199mHg | 532.48(10) keV | 42.66(8) min | IT | 199Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199.9683260(4) | 观测上稳定[n 8] | 0+ | 0.2310(19) | |||
201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200.9703023(6) | 观测上稳定[n 9] | 3/2− | 0.1318(9) | |||
201mHg | 766.22(15) keV | 94(3) µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201.9706430(6) | 观测上稳定[n 10] | 0+ | 0.2986(26) | |||
203Hg | 80 | 123 | 202.9728725(18) | 46.595(6) d | β− | 203Tl | 5/2− | ||
203mHg | 933.14(23) keV | 24(4) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203.9734939(4) | 观测上稳定[n 11] | 0+ | 0.0687(15) | |||
205Hg | 80 | 125 | 204.976073(4) | 5.14(9) min | β− | 205Tl | 1/2− | ||
205mHg | 1556.40(17) keV | 1.09(4) ms | IT | 205Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205.977514(22) | 8.15(10) min | β− | 206Tl | 0+ | ||
207Hg | 80 | 127 | 206.98259(16) | 2.9(2) min | β− | 207Tl | (9/2+) | ||
208Hg | 80 | 128 | 207.98594(32)# | 42(5) min [41(+5−4) min] |
β− | 208Tl | 0+ | ||
209Hg | 80 | 129 | 208.99104(21)# | 37(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||
210Hg | 80 | 130 | 209.99451(32)# | 10# min [>300 ns] |
0+ |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
[[{{{前一个}}}]] | {{{这一个}}} | [[{{{下一个}}}]] |
注释
- ↑ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ↑ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ↑ Bold for stable isotopes
- ↑ When produced from 180Tl can also undergo fission to 100Ru and 80Kr
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 192Pt or β+β+ decay to 196Pt with a half-life over 2.5×1018 years
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 194Pt
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 195Pt
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 196Pt
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 197Pt
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 198Pt
- ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 200Pt or β−β− decay to 204Pb
参考文献
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-08].
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683–800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3–128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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