蜥形綱 化石時期:312–0 Ma 石炭紀晚期到現代 | |
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紅耳龜(左)與綠頭鴨(右) | |
生物分類法 | |
域: | 真核域 Eukaryota |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
亞門: | 脊椎動物亞門 Vertebrata |
總綱: | 四足總綱 Tetrapoda |
演化支: | 爬行形類 Reptiliomorpha |
演化支: | 羊膜動物 Amniota |
綱: | 蜥形綱 Sauropsida Goodrich, 1916 |
演化支 | |
蜥形綱(學名:Sauropsida)是羊膜動物(Amniota)的一大演化支,包含了所有現存爬行類與鳥類,鳥(Aves)因此是蜥形綱的一部分;此外,還包括了一個現在已經滅絕的魚龍超目。
與蜥形類最親近的類群就是合弓綱;合弓綱包括了部分似哺乳爬行動物與哺乳綱(Mammalia)的共同祖先。蜥形綱和合弓綱一起組成羊膜動物[1]。
相比之下,爬行綱(Reptilia)的舊定義未包含鳥類與哺乳類而成為並系群,因此有些分類學者會用蜥形綱來替代爬行綱,但也有學者重新定義爬行綱,使之與蜥形綱同義,於是蜥形綱在這情況下會成為爬行綱的次異名。
分類
蜥形綱各演化支的關係如下,龜鱉目曾與眾多史前副爬行動物一起歸類為無孔亞綱,但後來的遺傳分子學研究多支持龜鱉目位於主龍類所在的雙孔亞綱演化支之中[2][3][4][5][6][7]:
蜥形綱(=廣義爬行綱) |
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參考文獻
- ↑ Huxley, T.H. (1863): The Structure and Classification of the Mammalia. Hunterian lectures, presented in Medical Times and Gazette, 1863. original text
- ↑ Lee, M. S. Y. Turtle origins: Insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 26 (12): 2729–2738. PMID 24256520. doi:10.1111/jeb.12268.
- ↑ Mannen, Hideyuki; Li, Steven S.-L. Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. October 1999, 13 (1): 144–148. PMID 10508547. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0640.
- ↑ Zardoya, R.; Meyer, A. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998, 95 (24): 14226–14231. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514226Z. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24355 . PMID 9826682. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14226.
- ↑ Iwabe, Naoyuki; Hara, Yuichiro; Kumazawa, Yoshinori; Shibamoto, Kaori; Saito, Yumi; Miyata, Takashi; Katoh, Kazutaka. Sister group relationship of turtles to the bird-crocodilian clade revealed by nuclear DNA-coded proteins. Molecular Biology and Evolution. December 2004, 22 (4): 810–813 [December 12, 2010]. PMID 15625185. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi075.
- ↑ Roos, J.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Janke, A. Extended mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses yield new insight into crocodylian evolution and their survival of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2007, 45 (2): 663–673. PMID 17719245. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.018.
- ↑ Katsu, Y.; Braun, E. L.; Guillette, L.J. Jr.; Iguchi, T. From reptilian phylogenomics to reptilian genomes: analyses of c-Jun and DJ-1 proto-oncogenes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. March 2010, 127 (2–4): 79–93. PMID 20234127. doi:10.1159/000297715.