蜥形纲 化石时期:312–0 Ma 石炭纪晚期到现代 | |
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红耳龟(左)与绿头鸭(右) | |
生物分类法 | |
域: | 真核域 Eukaryota |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
亚门: | 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata |
总纲: | 四足总纲 Tetrapoda |
演化支: | 爬行形类 Reptiliomorpha |
演化支: | 羊膜动物 Amniota |
纲: | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida Goodrich, 1916 |
演化支 | |
蜥形纲(学名:Sauropsida)是羊膜动物(Amniota)的一大演化支,包含了所有现存爬行类与鸟类,鸟(Aves)因此是蜥形纲的一部分;此外,还包括了一个现在已经灭绝的鱼龙超目。
与蜥形类最亲近的类群就是合弓纲;合弓纲包括了部分似哺乳爬行动物与哺乳纲(Mammalia)的共同祖先。蜥形纲和合弓纲一起组成羊膜动物[1]。
相比之下,爬行纲(Reptilia)的旧定义未包含鸟类与哺乳类而成为并系群,因此有些分类学者会用蜥形纲来替代爬行纲,但也有学者重新定义爬行纲,使之与蜥形纲同义,于是蜥形纲在这情况下会成为爬行纲的次异名。
分类
蜥形纲各演化支的关系如下,龟鳖目曾与众多史前副爬行动物一起归类为无孔亚纲,但后来的遗传分子学研究多支持龟鳖目位于主龙类所在的双孔亚纲演化支之中[2][3][4][5][6][7]:
蜥形纲(=广义爬行纲) |
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参考文献
- ↑ Huxley, T.H. (1863): The Structure and Classification of the Mammalia. Hunterian lectures, presented in Medical Times and Gazette, 1863. original text
- ↑ Lee, M. S. Y. Turtle origins: Insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 26 (12): 2729–2738. PMID 24256520. doi:10.1111/jeb.12268.
- ↑ Mannen, Hideyuki; Li, Steven S.-L. Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. October 1999, 13 (1): 144–148. PMID 10508547. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0640.
- ↑ Zardoya, R.; Meyer, A. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998, 95 (24): 14226–14231. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514226Z. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24355 . PMID 9826682. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14226.
- ↑ Iwabe, Naoyuki; Hara, Yuichiro; Kumazawa, Yoshinori; Shibamoto, Kaori; Saito, Yumi; Miyata, Takashi; Katoh, Kazutaka. Sister group relationship of turtles to the bird-crocodilian clade revealed by nuclear DNA-coded proteins. Molecular Biology and Evolution. December 2004, 22 (4): 810–813 [December 12, 2010]. PMID 15625185. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi075.
- ↑ Roos, J.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Janke, A. Extended mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses yield new insight into crocodylian evolution and their survival of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2007, 45 (2): 663–673. PMID 17719245. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.018.
- ↑ Katsu, Y.; Braun, E. L.; Guillette, L.J. Jr.; Iguchi, T. From reptilian phylogenomics to reptilian genomes: analyses of c-Jun and DJ-1 proto-oncogenes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. March 2010, 127 (2–4): 79–93. PMID 20234127. doi:10.1159/000297715.