白垩尖吻鲨 化石时期:阿尔布期-坎帕期[1][2][3][4][5][6]107.59–73.2 Ma | |
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白垩尖吻鲨(Cretoxyrhina mantelli)牙齿化石 | |
保护状况 | |
生物分类法 | |
域: | 真核域 Eukaryota |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
亚门: | 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata |
纲: | 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes |
目: | 鼠鲨目 Lamniformes |
科: | †白垩刺甲鲨科 Cretoxyrhinidae |
属: | †白垩刺甲鲨属 Cretoxyrhina Glückman, 1958 |
模式种 | |
†Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz, 1843 | |
种 | |
异名 | |
白垩尖吻鲨(学名:Cretoxyrhina),旧译白垩刺甲鲨、金厨鲨,是生存于白垩纪的一种大型史前鲨鱼。
发现历史
白垩尖吻鲨是由路易士·阿格西(Louis Agassiz)于1843年命名。后来查尔斯·斯腾伯格(Charles H. Sternberg)于1890年在美国肯萨斯州发现了一个最为完整的标本。这套标本包含了差不多完整的脊椎及超过250颗牙齿,估计长度达20呎。查尔斯将之命名为Oxyrhina mantelli[7]。
近年发现了更多白垩尖吻鲨的标本。其中一个是于1891年由乔治·史登柏格(George Sternberg)所发现,并存放在慕尼黑博物馆。这个标本估计也有20呎长,但因二次大战轰炸而遭受破坏[7]。
特征
白垩尖吻鲨可以长达7.5米-9米,比现今的大白鲨还要大。白垩尖吻鲨的牙齿长达7厘米[8],弯曲,边缘光滑,表面有一层很厚的珐琅质。
在肯萨斯州尼奥布拉拉白垩层(Niobrara Chalk)所发现的白垩尖吻鲨标本显示,它们的外观像现今的大白鲨[9]。尾鳍显示它们是一类很活跃的鲨鱼,可以游得很快[9]。
分布
白垩尖吻鲨分布在森诺曼阶至坎帕阶的全球海域,包括北美洲的西部内陆海道。
食性
白垩尖吻鲨是它们生存时期最大型的鲨鱼之一,属于海洋中主要的掠食者之一。化石纪录显示它们猎食多类水生动物,如沧龙科[10]、蛇颈龙亚目[11]、剑射鱼[12]及原盖龟科[13]。
参考
- ↑ Kenshu Shimada. Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1997, 100 (3/4): 139–149. JSTOR 3628002. doi:10.2307/3628002.
- ↑ Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren. Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005 [2018-11-24].
- ↑ David Ward. Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays. The Paleontological Association. 2009: 279–299 [2019-07-31].
- ↑ J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov. Cretaceous. 2012: 793–853. ISBN 9780444594259. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5.
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被忽略 (帮助) - ↑ Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish. A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2017, 54 (9): 973–980. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..973C. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0233. hdl:1807/77762.
- ↑ Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (9): 1159–1181. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1159L. doi:10.1139/E10-005.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Everhart, Mike. A Giant Ginsu Shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas. 2009-01-30 [2010-01-05].
- ↑ 存档副本. [2021-07-16].
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V. Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 2006 [2009-10-02].
- ↑ Rothschild, B. M. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21. 2005, (4): 335–340 [2009-10-02].
- ↑ Everhart, M. J. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (PDF). PalArch Foundation. 2005 [2009-10-02].
- ↑ Shimada, Kenshu. Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology. 1997 [2009-10-02].
- ↑ Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E. Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology. 2004 [2009-10-02].
外部链接
- 国家地理频道
- Mega Beasts: Sea of Killers