晒伤 | |
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分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 皮肤病学 |
晒伤是一种由于过度暴露于紫外线(通常为日光)下导致的辐射灼伤。它促进细胞凋亡[1],引起的症状为皮肤发红、发痛,在少数极端案例中会导致生命危险,而轻度暴露于紫外线下则只会导致晒黑,而稍微有些晒黑的皮肤对紫外线的抵御力更强一些。
晒伤是导致非恶性皮肤肿瘤的主要原因之一[2][3],此外还可能导致某些种类的皮肤癌,因此在长期暴露于紫外光下时应该外敷防晒霜。
症状
晒伤之初皮肤仅会发红,之后才会出现各种症状。这些症状包括程度不一的疼痛、水疱、水肿、瘙痒、皮肤剥落、皮疹、恶心、发烧、发冷、昏厥等。[4]
此外,晒伤还可能会导致三种皮肤肿瘤,即黑素瘤、基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌[2][3][5]。其中黑素瘤是由长期频繁晒伤导致的[6],而美国和澳大利亚三分之一的黑素瘤患者其实本来都可以通过提前防晒来阻止其发生。[7]
参考文献
- ↑ Sunburn 于 eMedicine
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer "Do sunscreens prevent skin cancer" Press release No. 132, 5 June 2000
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer "Solar and ultraviolet radiation" IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 55, November 1997
- ↑ How to treat sunburn | American Academy of Dermatology. www.aad.org. [2018-03-29].
- ↑ "Facts About Sunburn and Skin Cancer" , Skin Cancer Foundation
- ↑ Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Annals of Epidemiology. 2008-08, 18 (8): 614–27. PMC 2873840 . PMID 18652979. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.04.006.
- ↑ Olsen CM, Wilson LF, Green AC, Biswas N, Loyalka J, Whiteman DC. How many melanomas might be prevented if more people applied sunscreen regularly?. The British Journal of Dermatology. 2018-01, 178 (1): 140–147. PMID 29239489. doi:10.1111/bjd.16079.